Reverse Engineering

Data Packing

I was doing some random experiments using assembly and C. This is a simple example in packing 2 numbers inside a register in assembly. Let’s assume

al < 2^{5}
bl < 2^{3}

We want to store these 2 values inside the dl register. The dl register is of 8 bits, so 5 + 3 = 8 bits

Packing

; al < 2 ^ 5, bl < 2 ^ 3

mov al, bl

shl dl, 3

or  dl, bl  ; xor would also work fine

Unpacking

mov cl, dl   ; Make a copy of dl 

and dl, 111b ; Extract lowest 3 bits (b) 

mov bl, dl 

shr cl, 3    ; Extract highest 5 bits (a) 

mov al, cl

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Assault Cube Trainer

I recently wanted to explore the world of game hacking, which involves some cool reverse engineering tricks. This is a trainer written in C++.
trainer
Simply uses WriteProcessMemory to write the values into memory of the game.

Download game: https://assault.cubers.net/download.html

Download trainer: https://github.com/OsandaMalith/GameHacking/blob/master/AssaultCube/Hack.7z

Fun with SQLite Load_Extension

What is load_extension?

This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.

int sqlite3_load_extension(
sqlite3 *db, /* Load the extension into this database connection */
const char *zFile, /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
const char *zProc, /* Entry point. Derived from zFile if 0 */
char **pzErrMsg /* Put error message here if not 0 */
);

More information: https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/load_extension.html
You can use this function to load a SQLite extension. However by default sqlite3_enable_load_extension() is turned off by default to prevent this in SQL injection attacks. You can read more from here https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/enable_load_extension.html
The syntax would be 

select load_extension(‘path\dll’, ‘EP’);

However this path, const char *zFile can be a SMB share too.
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Making your Shellcode Undetectable using .NET

In the world of Windows you can execute shellcode using the VirtualAlloc and VirtualProtect Windows APIs. There are also few more APIs we can use to do the same task but different techniques involved.

VirtualProtect

This is how MSDN explains this:

Changes the protection on a region of committed pages in the virtual address space of the calling process. 

BOOL WINAPI VirtualProtect(
_In_ LPVOID lpAddress,
_In_ SIZE_T dwSize,
_In_ DWORD flNewProtect,
_Out_ PDWORD lpflOldProtect
);

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa366898(v=vs.85).aspx

Basically we can make our shellcode memory region executable and invoke it using this API. We use the PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE as the memory protection constant for the flNewProtect parameter to make our page RWX.

Here’s an example using C which I have implemented.
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Satana Malware Analysis

I haven’t done any malware analysis before and this would be my first post related to malware. I’m really interested but still quite a lot of things to learn 🙂 so I thought of starting off somewhere and this is the analysis of the ransomware named “Satana” by me. Obviously I hope you know who is Satan 👿

Samples:

Behavior Analysis

As soon as you run this the main executable will be deleted and a new sample will be created inside the %temp% folder.

The following is the disassembly corresponding to this event.


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IsDebuggerPresent API

I was interested in learning about the anti-reversing techniques in the world of reverse engineering. There are so many techniques out there and I thought of trying few techniques and understanding them from the lowest level. I thought of sharing the things I’ve been experimenting these days.
IsDebuggerPresent is a Windows API that can be used to detect a debugger. Here’s an example code:

/*
 * IsDebuggerPresent Example
 * Author: Osanda Malith Jayathissa (@OsandaMalith)
 * Website: https://osandamalith.wordpress.com	
 */

#include <windows.h>

int main() {	
	MessageBox(0, IsDebuggerPresent() ? "Debugger found" : "Debugger not found","Status",0x30);
}

If we open in a debugger “Debugger Found” text will get triggered in the MessageBox API. How this API works? Open the API in the debugger and you get the following piece of code.

MOV EAX,DWORD PTR FS:[18]
MOV EAX,DWORD PTR DS:[EAX+30]
MOVZX EAX,BYTE PTR DS:[EAX+2]

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